Artificial Intelligence from Science Fiction to Reality examines various aspects, starting with the evolution of human and artificial intelligence (AI). It places AI in its proper context and discusses non-technical aspects, such as philosophical and social issues. The major challenge leaders are likely to encounter is deciding what functions are to be entrusted to AI and how humanity can exercise control over them. The book also focuses on the hardware and software technology that support AI, and the essential cyber security systems that are required to address the evolving AI threat landscape. It examines centres for AI safety that are nonprofit research organisations, which focus on the mitigation of AI risks by proposing solutions against threat actors. The book discusses the knowledge-based economy, particularly Enterprise AI, and examines the ethical and legal issues that emerge from the practical implications of AI. While most governments have endorsed voluntary ethical and moral charters, there is a reluctance to introduce binding legislative measures. This reluctance is based on the premise that specific laws might hinder AI innovation. Furthermore, detailed private and public sector case studies are presented that demonstrate how AI applications may be successfully implemented according to a practical framework. A detailed discussion about the implications for human development is presented. The differences between key economic approaches, such as knowledge-based economy, digital economy and automated economy are examined, and how these will be impacted by AI in relation to job displacement, data privacy and security, and algorithmic bias. Finally, the book also examines the era beyond AI where organoid intelligence is emerging. It explores future human development where humans could be turned into cyborgs with hi-tech machine implants, re-growable limbs and nanotechnology that repair damaged tissue, rejuvenating human cells leading to immortality.