This book explores the forefront of sustainable wastewater treatment through bioelectrochemical systems. This comprehensive book delves into innovative techniques such as microbial fuel cells and bioelectrochemical reactors, highlighting their principles, design, and practical applications. The book covers a wide range of topics, including the role of electroactive microorganisms, energy and resource recovery, and the environmental impact of these green technologies. Readers will gain insights into the latest advancements and real-world case studies, showcasing the effectiveness of bioelectrochemical systems in both industrial and municipal settings. The book also addresses the challenges and limitations of these systems, offering solutions and optimization techniques for enhanced performance. Comparative analyses with other modern wastewater treatment methods and within different bioelectrochemical configurations provide a thorough understanding of their advantages and applications. Further chapters discuss the economic feasibility, policy frameworks, and future prospects of bioelectrochemical systems, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize wastewater management. With contributions from leading experts, this book is an essential resource for environmental engineers, researchers, and policymakers dedicated to sustainable development and innovative water treatment solutions. This book not only educates but also inspires a shift toward more sustainable and eco-friendly practices in wastewater management.