This book provides a systematic review of carbon materials, focusing on their properties, development and applications. It emphasizes the synthesis processes of these materials and carbon catalysis, as well as the latest advances in novel carbon materials. Carbon materials are non-metallic substances composed mainly of organic materials with a wide range of applications. They can be classified into several types, each with unique structures and properties. This book details their preparation methods, physical and chemical properties and characterization, covering carbon quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphite, carbon fibers, carbon spheres and activated carbon. It also explores their applications in catalysis, energy storage and environmental protection. This title will serve as a useful reference for researchers and professionals interested in carbon materials, petrochemicals, coal chemicals, new energy and environmental protection. It will also benefit students and academics in the fields of chemical engineering, energy and environmental protection.