I Fundamentals of Cell Encapsulation.- 1. Encapsulation and Immoblization Techniques.- 2. Mass Transfer in Immobilized Cell Systems.- 3. Polymer Membranes for Cell Encapsulation.- 4. Biocompatible Encapsulation Materials: Fundamentals and Application.- 5. Modulation of Membrane Permeability.- 6. Biocompatibility Issues.- II Encapsulation Systems Section 1 Microencapsulation.- 7. Calcium Alginate.- 8. Immunoprotection of Islets of Langerhans by Microencapsulation in Barium Alginate Beads.- 9. Agarose.- 10. Poly (ethylene glycol).- 11. Long-Term Survival of Poly-L-Lysine-Alginate Microencapsulated Islet Xenografts in Spontaneously Diabetic NOD Mice.- 12. Alginate/Poly-L-Ornithine Microcapsules for Pancreatic Islet Cell ImmunoprotectionGiuseppe.- 13. Chitosan.- 14. Polyacrylates.- Section 2 Macroencapsulation.- 15. Diffusion Chambers.- 16. Vascular Devices.- 17. Macrocapsules Based on Ultrafiltration and Diffusion.- III Applications of Encapsulated Cell Systems Section 1 Primary Cells.- 18. Artificial Pancreas.- 19. Microencapsulated Islets in Type I Diabetics: Clinical Experience.- 20. Transplantation of Microencapsulated Parathyroid Tissue: Clinical Background, Methods, and Current Status of Research.- 21. Bioartificial Livers.- 22. Renal Replacement Devices: The Development of the Bioartificial Kidney.- 23. Encapsulation of Mammalian Embryos.- 24. Encapsulated Plant Cells: Techniques and Applications.- Section 2 Genetically Engineered Cells.- 25. Implantable Microcapsules for Gene Therapy for Hemophilia.- 26. Microencapsulation: A Novel Gene Therapy for Lysosomal Storage Diseases.- 27. Growth Hormone Gene Therapy Using Encapsulated Myoblasts.- 28. Transplantation of Encapsulated Cells into the Central Nervous System.- 29. Removal of Urea in Uremia and Ammonia in Liver Failure with Emphasis on the Use of Artificial Cells for Encapsulation of Genetically Engineered Cells.- Section 3 Bioreactor Culture.- 30. Principles of Bioreactor Design for Encapsulated Cells.- 31. Culture of Anchorage-Dependent Cells.