This volume presents a timely overview of control theory and inverse problems, and highlights recent advances in these active research areas. The chapters are based on talks given at the spring school "Control Theory & Inverse Problems” held in Monastir, Tunisia in May 2023. In addition to providing a snapshot of these two areas, chapters also highlight breakthroughs on more specific topics, such as:Control of hyperbolic systemsThe Helffer-Nier ConjectureRapid stabilization of the discretized Vlasov systemExponential stability of a delayed thermoelastic systemControl Theory and Inverse Problems will be a valuable resource for both established researchers as well as more junior members of the community.