This comprehensive reference book on an essential mitochondrial enzyme, cytochrome c oxidase (COX), is the culmination of four decades of work. This enzyme’s biochemical activity originated and evolved more than a billion years ago. Nevertheless, its contributions to the function of neurons remain relatively obscure. COX is not just a housekeeping enzyme engaged in energy generation, but a treasure trove for discovering numerous neuronal properties chronicled in this book. Various methods of studying COX in neurons are described, including biochemistry, histochemistry, cytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and gene isolation. These methods revealed that COX also plays a critical role in rescuing the metabolic integrity of neurons exposed to toxins. The goal of this book is to raise the curiosity of readers about this invaluable enzyme so researchers will continue the quest to uncover neuronal properties unveiled by this enzyme. Key FeaturesA comprehensive book on cytochrome c oxidase in neuronsCovers all major neuroscientific discoveries of cytochrome c oxidase in the mammalian nervous systemProvides a broad range of themes from systems, through cellular, to molecularContains not only the major discoveries but also various techniques for analyzing cytochrome c oxidase, plus a comprehensive list of referencesDescribes the mechanisms of energy regulation in neurons and how energy metabolism and neuronal activity are tightly coupled at the cellular and molecular levelsDocuments the role of cytochrome c oxidase in uncovering a striking synaptic imbalance during the critical periods of both brain stem respiratory system and visual cortical development