The recent adoption of the EU Regulation on the European Health Data Space is a significant development in European data law. While the need to protect the confidentiality of information and control over personal data — and, more generally, fundamental rights, particularly those of vulnerable people — is undeniable, the importance of using data for public interest, such as in healthcare and scientific research, has been brought to the fore by the Covid-19 pandemic. This book addresses the controversial issues surrounding data sharing, including data protection, ownership and reuse, and the related ethical considerations. With contributions from experts in various fields, including medicine and law, it encourages interdisciplinary dialogue on the use of health data in Europe and beyond.