This volume on the latest developments in statistical modelling is a collection of refereed papers presented at the 38th International Workshop on Statistical Modelling, IWSM 2024, held from 14 to 19 July 2024 in Durham, UK. The contributions cover a wide range of topics in statistical modelling, including generalized linear models, mixture models, regularization techniques, hidden Markov models, smoothing methods, censoring and imputation techniques, Gaussian processes, spatial statistics, shape modelling, goodness-of-fit problems, and network analysis. Various highly topical applications are presented as well, especially from biostatistics. The approaches are equally frequentist and Bayesian, a categorization the statistical modelling community has synergetically overcome. The book also features the workshop’s keynote contribution on statistical modelling for big and little data, highlighting that both small and large data sets come with their own challenges. The International Workshop on Statistical Modelling (IWSM) is the annual workshop of the Statistical Modelling Society, with the purpose of promoting important developments, extensions, and applications in statistical modelling, and bringing together statisticians working on related problems from various disciplines. This volume reflects this spirit and contributes to initiating and sustaining discussions about problems in statistical modelling and triggers new developments and ideas in the field.