This book examines energy policymaking processes from a cross-national perspective. It presents 19 in-depth country studies written by experts with extensive experience in the respective country or region. Each study explores the country’s unique approach to energy policymaking, which is shaped by various factors, including domestic energy endowments, formal governance structures, environmental laws and regulations, cultural attributes, and historical experiences. All the studies employ a unique, flexible framework, adapted from the work of Elinor Ostrom. The framework has no behavioral assumptions, and allows for consideration of greater numbers of variables than other theories of policymaking. This approach has an advantage over previous theories particularly when comparing developed and developing economies. With the applied policymaking framework, the book highlights commonalities of successful energy policymaking efforts, and offers practical guidance on cooperation at the international level. Given the breadth of coverage, it offers valuable insights for social scientists researching energy policy and policymaking processes, and for policymakers pursuing international efforts such as the 2015 Paris agreement.