This book comprehensively analyzes the impact of continuing European integration on industrial relations institutions and outcomes. It organizes a rich body of material to sustain its argument that the governance of industrial relations is increasingly multi-level. Cross-national influences are shown to mix with national ones and involve the European sector, company and community levels. Competing tendencies towards "Europeanization", "Americanization" and "re-nationalization" are identified. The approach is multi-disciplinary and cross-national, dealing with both the theory and practice of industrial relations in contemporary Europe.