The role of artificial intelligence is crucial in the domain of Earth Observation (EO) data analysis. Deep learning-based approaches have improved accuracy, but they have affected the reliability and transparency of EO data. It is critical to improve the explainability of EO data analysis algorithms and complex deep learning models to ensure the quality of spatial decisions. This book discusses the various advancements in Explainable AI and investigates their suitability for various EO data analyses offering best practices for implementing algorithms that facilitate big and efficient data processing. It lays the foundation of Explainable EO and helps readers build trustworthy, secure, and robust EO systems. Features:Examines explainability of algorithms from the aspect of generalizability and reliabilityReviews state-of-the-art explainability strategies related to the preprocessing algorithmsProvides explanations for specific evaluation metrics of various EO data processing and preprocessing algorithmsDiscusses explainable ante-hoc and post-hoc approaches for EO data analysisServes as a foundational reference for developing future EO data processing strategiesAddresses the key challenges in making EO data processing algorithms interpretable and offers insights for the future of explainable EO data processingThis book is intended for graduate students, researchers and academics in computer and data science, machine learning, and image processing, as well as professionals in geospatial data science using GIS and remote sensing in Earth and environmental sciences.