Web services, cloud computing, location based services, NoSQLdatabases, and Semantic Web offer new ways of accessing, analyzing, and elaborating geo-spatial information in both real-world and virtual spaces. This book explores the how-to of the most promising recurrent technologies and trends in GIS, such as Semantic GIS, Web GIS, Mobile GIS, NoSQL Geographic Databases, Cloud GIS, Spatial Data Warehousing-OLAP, and Open GIS. The text discusses and emphasizes the methodological aspects of such technologies and their applications in GIS.