This edited volume offers a comprehensive examination of the emerging security threats confronting the GCC and NATO. Bringing together scholars and practitioners with deep area expertise, this book surveys military, technological, environmental, biological, and socio-political challenges. Combining historical analysis with forward-looking insights, it provides a holistic perspective on the emerging threats and their impact on regional and global security. Using case studies from the Russo-Ukrainian war to 2017 Gulf crisis, contributors trace how emerging threats are often transnational and interconnected. They underscore the necessity of adapting collaborative multilateral efforts to bolster resilience against non-traditional threats. Positioned at the intersection of area studies, security studies, and international relations, the book will be of particular value to academics, and practitioners concerned with NATO, the Middle East, and Gulf affairs.