This volume makes a legal theoretical contribution to the emerging regime of indigenous environmental rights, drawing on the law, theory, sociological and anthropological approaches. Firstly, it introduces key developments in the field of international human rights law and international environmental law, dealing with contemporary trends but also foundational principles and rights. It then addresses one of the most influential strands, that of (transformative) legal pluralism and its decolonising effects on the law. And in a final part, it uncovers a known conceptual divide, distinguishing between anthropocentric and eco-centric approaches, thereby identifying key developments in the human rights field and rights of nature discourses. The book brings together experts in the field and also creates the space for scholarly dialogue, conceptually and beyond, which ultimately provides answers and directions in the field of indigenous environmental rights, to newcomers and specialised scholars alike.