This volume is a collection of 14 conference papers discussing India's development story around the three themes of sustainable development goals (SDGs), agricultural productivity and sustainability, and climate change - mitigation and adaptation. The contributions take cognizance of India's increasing growth rate over the past 10 years or so, leading to reduced extreme poverty; virtual elimination of absolute poverty in urban areas; and visible improvements in education, health, sanitation, infrastructure, and energy sectors. The volume unravels how despite the high and sustained economic growth rate achieved by India in the recent past, employment generation has been far from satisfactory. It looks at emerging concerns including rising inequalities, child under-nutrition, and environmental challenges, including the rising frequency of climate change-induced extreme weather events that threaten the progress towards sustainable development. The book discusses pressing societal challenges such as income inequality, climate change, and inclusive development. It presents research on social challenges exacerbated by globalization, emphasizing the need for resilience in diverse geographies as presented by India. The empirical research presented by the book provides pointers to the policymakers on the core issues of the conference.