This book presents a systematic empirical study of contemporary China's litigation case volume, judges’ workload, and how courts attempt to alleviate the problem of “high caseloads with insufficient personnel” through enhanced management practices. By comparing caseloads and judge numbers across Chinese, U.S., and Japanese court systems, it shows that contemporary Chinese courts are also compelled to confront the “case-judge imbalance.” Using nationwide survey data, the book indicates that Chinese judges bear an exceptionally heavy workload and significant stress, partly due to non-adjudicative work they are required to perform. The book describes how Chinese courts have employed trial management techniques to mitigate this problem. It also demonstrates how digital infrastructure supports scientific court management. The book analyzes the characteristics of Chinese court management and offers policy suggestions to address the global challenges of the case-judge imbalance and judicial capacity crisis. Scholars of court management, comparative judicial systems, and those interested in China studies will find the book appealing.