This book discusses the fundamentals of wireless sensor networks,and the prevailing method and trends of smart sensor applications. It presents analytical modelling to foster the understanding of network challenges in developing protocols for next-generation communication standards. • Presents an overview of the low-power sensor, network standards, design challenges and sensor network simulation• Focusses on clustering, methods available for wireless sensor networks to tackle energy hole problems, load balancing and network lifetime enhancements• Discusses enhanced versions of energy models enriched with energy harvesting• Provides an insight into coverage and connectivity issues with genetic meta-heuristics, evolutionary models and reinforcement methodologies designed for wireless sensor networks• Includes a wide range of sensor network applications and their integration with social networks and neural computing. The reference book is for researchers and scholars interested in Smart Sensor applications.