In the last two decades, many important developments and interactions in algebraic geometry and integrable systems have arisen from ideas in mirror symmetry. The conference “New developments in Algebraic Geometry, Integrable Systems and Mirror Symmetry” was held at RIMS, Kyoto University on January 7-11, 2008, to explore recent developments and interactions in various mathematical fields, such as algebraic geometry, integrable systems, Gromov-Witten theory and symplectic geometry, and in particular to explore the developments and interactions coming from ideas in mirror symmetry. This volume is the outcome of that conference, and consists of twelve contributed papers by invited speakers. Readers will find, within this volume, beneficial expositions on various aspects and interesting interactions in these mathematical fields.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets except North America