This volume contains the proceedings of the International Workshop on Perspectives on High-dimensional Data Analysis II, held May 30-June 1, 2012, at the Centre de Recherches Mathématiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada. This book collates applications and methodological developments in high-dimensional statistics dealing with interesting and challenging problems concerning the analysis of complex, high-dimensional data with a focus on model selection and data reduction. The chapters contained in this book deal with submodel selection and parameter estimation for an array of interesting models. The book also presents some surprising results on high-dimensional data analysis, especially when signals cannot be effectively separated from the noise, it provides a critical assessment of penalty estimation when the model may not be sparse, and it suggests alternative estimation strategies. Readers can apply the suggested methodologies to a host of applications and also can extend these methodologies in a variety of directions. This volume conveys some of the surprises, puzzles and success stories in big data analysis and related fields. This book is co-published with the Centre de Recherches Mathématiques.