This innovative book examines the dynamic intersection between play and mathematics in early childhood education, challenging traditional educational approaches. Through international perspectives and practices, it demonstrates how mathematical concepts naturally emerge through children's play and how educators can enhance mathematical learning without disrupting the play experience. Comprising 11 chapters with diverse cultural and educational perspectives, the book explores how children engage with mathematical concepts through play across different countries and contexts. It addresses critical issues for early childhood education and care practitioners, examining similarities and distinctions between mathematics and play while providing practical approaches for integrating mathematics into play for various age groups. The comparative international approach highlights both the universality of play in learning and unique cultural methods for facilitating mathematical understanding. Original research showcases how children's mathematical thinking surfaces in various play scenarios and offers pedagogical practices that support both play and mathematical development without compromising the integrity of either. This essential resource serves early childhood educators, researchers, students, and policymakers committed to enhancing mathematics education quality and effectiveness. It provides practical guidance for promoting more equitable and engaging approaches to mathematical learning in the early years.