This monograph aims to give an overview of recent chemical and technological developments in the area of polymers and co-polymers derived from isobutylene, which have a wide range of (industrial) applications.The scientific basis for presenting the material – application of the acid-base theory with a view to the fundamental steps of isobutylene polymerization – is combined with the application of quantum-chemical calculations of catalysts, linked active centers, separate elementary stages of the process, and critical analysis of some experimental data. In addition, a number of problems, such as the macrokinetic description of isobutylene polymerization, description of the balanced scheme of industrial production of isobutylene polymers, and initiation of isobutylene polymerization with the help of immobilized cationic catalysts are discussed. Special attention is given to ecological aspects of synthesis and application of isobutylene polymers.This book will be of value and interest to researchers in the areas of chemistry and physics of high-molecular compounds, as well as engineers and technologists specialized in the area of olefins and polyolefins.