This book covers the latest developments in life cycle assessment (LCA) both in terms of methodology and its application in various research areas. It includes methodological questions as well as case studies of strategies in the context of circular economy and new emerging technologies, design of conceptual frameworks, especially related to social LCA, and the use of novel modeling approaches with a focus on energy supply and land use. With research articles from leading German and Austrian research institutes, the book is a valuable source for professionals working in the field of sustainability assessment, researchers interested in the current state of LCA research, and advanced university students in various scientific and technical fields. 6 chapters are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.