Raman spectroscopy has enormous potential in the field of biomaterials science for both basic and applied research. However, its application in biomedical sciences is yet in its infancy because Raman physics currently lacks effective working algorithms, mainly due to its complexity. Raman algorithm exploitations will improve preventive care, effective disease diagnosis, and new curative therapies, while reducing healthcare expenditures. Raman methods encompass a number of technologies for quantitative assessments of crystal structures, domain textures, crystallographic alignments, off-stoichiometric chemical drifts, and mechanical stresses in both synthetic and natural biomaterials; each of those governs the fundamental interactions of both biotic and abiotic materials within the human host. This book rigorously establishes key aspects of Raman science in the biomedical field and discusses the physics governing its application to both synthetic and natural biomaterials by disentangling spectrally convoluted dependencies on crystal orientation, chemical and stoichiometric alterations, and mechanical stress.