This volume is a part of the Fungal Biology book series. It focuses on using fungal biotechnology to produce eco-friendly energy and materials as alternatives to fossil fuels. The book explains how fungi, which can be unicellular or multicellular, play important roles in creating sustainable solutions for the world’s growing energy needs. The chapters cover a range of topics, starting with recent developments in using fungi for bioenergy, including bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, biohydrogen, and bioelectricity. Other chapters explore producing biomaterials like biopolymers and pigments from fungi, as well as modern approaches like meta-omics, CRISPR-Cas9, and artificial intelligence applications in fungal systems. The book also discusses converting waste biomass into valuable products and the use of nanotechnology in fungal biotechnology. This book is a useful resource for scientists, researchers, engineers, and students interested in bioenergy and biomaterials. It also benefits professionals working in environmental science, biotechnology, and sustainable industry, who want to learn about recent advancements and future possibilities in fungal biotechnology.