This book provides a critical review of the long-term effectiveness of education and social protection policies enacted by G10 countries in response to the global pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic caused the most significant disruption to education systems since the devastation of World War II. Successive waves and variants of the coronavirus resulted in school closures and spurred a range of policy interventions across national education systems to combat both the cognitive (i.e., achievement in reading, mathematics, and science) and non-cognitive (socioemotional development, mental and physical health) impacts on student achievement and wellbeing. This book aims to evaluate the long-term efficacy of such interventions, drawing on an analysis of a cross-section of nine industrialized countries: the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Netherlands, Belgium, Canada, and Japan. It further offers cross-national insights for policymakers and discusses the critical importance of broader notions of academic resilience in a post-pandemic world. Ultimately, this volume aims to identify national policies that have helped to buffer students from the long-term challenges associated with the aftermath of the pandemic. A timely and important text, it will be of interest to researchers and policymakers in education policy, pandemic response, impact evaluation, and student mental health.