The possible introduction of a carbon tax in Europe is an issue which has attracted the attention of numerous economists and policy-makers. The problems under debate concern the effects of the tax at different levels: what costs, in terms of GDP growth, will be paid by each European country? Will the effects on income distribution be larger than those on income level? Should the carbon tax be co-ordinated among the European countries or would it be better to impose a uniform tax rate on carbon emissions? Can Europe introduce the tax unilaterally or should this be done jointly, with the other industrialized countries? This book provides answers to such questions. It analyses the effects of the European carbon tax on both a domestic and an international level.