This handbook provides a foundational, comprehensive, and systemic overview of the current research on learning and instruction in university education. Offering a synthesis of current essential empirical research on university education, this volume provides a starting point for an intentional transformation of university education anchored firmly in empirical evidence. The chapters are authored by leading international scholars in the field culminating in a wealth of expertise offering multiple expert stances on learning and instruction in university education. The chapters are based on systematic literature reviews. The book analyses the broad macro level factors and structures influencing university education and its development as well as micro level issues related to learning and instruction both from students’ and university teachers’ perspectives. It provides a thorough state-of-the-evidence and paves the way for future directions in research on university learning and instruction and the research-informed development of university education. This handbook is a foundational resource for higher education researchers and key stakeholders, alongside university teachers and students, as well as educational policymakers, and higher education developers wanting to draw on their work.