Part I: Introduction.- Introduction: Fighting Against Illicit Tobacco Trade in the Era of Fast Change.- International Legal Framework on the Fight Against Illicit Tobacco Trade: An Overview.- Part II: Criminal Policy with Regard to Illicit Tobacco Trade: National Experiences and Challenges.- Between Taxes, Criminal Law and Health Care: The Fight Against Illicit Tobacco Trade in Germany.- The Italian National Legal Framework Related to Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products.- Prevention of Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products: Experience of Lithuania.- Legal and Practical Challenges of Combating Illicit Trade of Tobacco in Poland.- A Complex Legal Framework for a Lack of Legal Certainty: Case Study of Romania.- Prevention and Repression of Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products: Experience of Slovakia.- Part III: Conclusions.- Conclusions: Criminal Policy on Illicit Tobacco Trade Between Scylla of Health Concerns and Charybdis of Fiscal Interests.