Gender inequalities in education have tremendously changed over the course of the 20th century, particularly in upper secondary education. Historically, female participation in upper secondary general education, and women's chances to successfully finish this educational pathway, have been lower than men's. However, towards the end of the 20th century, women were outperforming men in many European countries and beyond. This book uses examples from across Europe to shed light on the mechanisms behind gender inequalities and the changes made to reduce this inequality. This book was originally published as a special issue of Educational Research.