This new volume articulates the most striking and interesting points of view of scientists from different countries on current issues of socioeconomic development. The volume discusses the basic methodology of applying the noonomy approach not only to the analysis of the modern socioeconomic system but also to forecasting the prospects for its transformation and long-term development, drawing attention to the fact that it is knowledge, and not scientific and technological progress per se, that is the deep engine driving humanity, society, and civilization forward. At the same time, the theory conjectures, the long-term development of society must have a humanistic content; therefore, inevitably, along with socioeconomic transformations, changes in humans themselves should be expected. The theoretical aspects and basic postulates as well as the applied tools for measuring and managing quality in economics at all levels are explored, discussing the current stage of socioeconomic development in accordance with dialectical concepts of development, accompanied by the transition of accumulated quantitative changes into qualitative ones.