This book offers a definitive and comprehensive exploration of precision medicine, capturing both its foundational principles and cutting-edge innovations. Organized into six  sections, it guides readers from the basics of individualized healthcare to the advanced application of genomics, epigenomics, pharmacogenomics, and artificial intelligence in cancer treatment. Through detailed cancer-specific chapters—covering gliomas, head & neck cancers, breast, lung, prostate, colon, pancreatic, and other malignancies—the book delivers in-depth insights into molecular profiling, diagnosis, and personalized therapy strategies. Beyond scientific advances, it critically addresses the ethical, clinical, and social dimensions of precision medicine, preparing clinicians, researchers, and policymakers to navigate challenges and harness the future opportunities in this transformative field. By blending scientific rigor with forward-looking perspectives, this volume positions itself as an authoritative reference for oncology researchers, clinicians, bioinformaticians, pharmaceutical scientists, and graduate students seeking to understand and contribute to the future of personalized healthcare.