This book demonstrates the variability and extension of environmental pollutants in water and wastewater, besides with recent technological developments in wastewater treatment. It covers review articles and research studies written in a clear style that makes it informative for scientists, researchers, professionals, and students. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge regarding source, transport and fate of not only emerging compounds, but also pollutants gaining importance over time, such as pharmaceuticals, microplastics, and viruses. It ensures to understand the dimension of the adverse effects on ecosystem and human health through various exposure pathway. The book also covers recent trends in wastewater treatment, with a focus on membrane technologies allowing to remove even very small concentrations of pollutants.