Proceedings of the 3rd International Seminar of the International Federation for Heat Treatment held in Melbourne, in 1991 with the special focus on ‘Quenching and Carburising’. Quenching and Carburising are two of the most basic and widely practised steel heat treatment processes. Each allows the base properties and performance of the steel to be significantly enhanced, such that a relatively inexpensive and simple starting material can be used for a wide range of demanding applications. Nevertheless, the technological developments within those two processes are often ignored in favour of ‘high tech’ surface treatments. The aim of Quenching and Carburising was to review the recent advancements that have been made in these fields.