The education process is inextricably linked to the context of socio-cultural needs, and the concept of the profession and the professional role of the teacher are subject to definitional changes. The complex issues of how the school and the teacher function are examined by the authors. Central themes include: How do the school and the teacher function? What social changes is 21st century society undergoing, both in terms of modernization and globalisation? What does the figure of the teacher look like in the 21st century with reference to the historical outline of the institution of school and the teaching profession? To what extent can teachers be subjective? This book is a reflection on the school institution and the person of the teacher, it has been created to highlight the essence of the pedagogical dimension of education, socio-cultural changes, and pedagogical innovations.