This book is a nuanced study of healthcare provision and health systems governance in the Kurdistan Region in Iraq (KRI). The authors address an important knowledge gap, offering compelling insights into health systems and governance in Kurdistan before and after the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. The findings stem from a system of benchmarking derived from both a comparative analysis of international healthcare standards and original empirical research. In light of the benchmarks of best practices for health system governance and the findings from in-depth qualitative interviews, the authors critically discuss the strengths and weaknesses in KRI healthcare governance and put forward pathways for reform. This thought-provoking book contributes to an important area of research on contemporary health systems governance and healthcare provision in low-income countries and war-affected regions.