This handbook brings together the two rapidly growing subfields of psychology, Positive Psychology and Health Psychology. It provides evidence-based and theory-driven perspectives on the potential benefits of focusing on and cultivating character strengths, positive states and traits for optimizing physical health and related outcomes in both general and medical populations. The handbook is divided into four sections, with the first three covering classic Western positive psychological domains and their relations to physical health:  Hedonic well-being (Positive Emotions), Eudaimonc well-being (Meaning, Purpose and Values), and Character Strengths. The fourth section takes a novel Eastern perspective to positive states and traits by examining the role of mindfulness and self-compassion in health-related pathways and outcomes. This handbook provides an overview of how positive psychological concepts and interventions can be integrated into research and practice aimed at improving people’s health. It offers a valuable resource for students and scholars of psychology, and mental and behavioural health; as well as for physicians and allied health professionals.