Considering the power and potential of AI and digital technologies, very few studies have systematically analysed their potential for realizing SDG16, despite the role they are expected to play in realizing the 2030 agenda. Exploring the problematic nature of artificial intelligence, this book explores the significant advantages AI offers for successfully implementing Sustainable Development Goal 16, and the potential to track progress and impact through machine learning. Focusing on governance, the book explores the potential of AI to meet the SDGs within the categories of the rule of law, criminal justice, and ethics and access to justice. Highlighting that the SDGs are a problematic human rights frame and have been critiqued as ignoring some major global disconnects when it comes to areas such as trade, the book explores the potential for the application of AI to the achievement of the SDGs to be equally problematic, and considers issues of techno-colonialism, information deficits and fundamental technological dependencies which could be exacerbated when AI meets the SDGs. Offering an analysis of the role of AI and governance in securing peace, development and security, this book will be of interest to students and academics with an interest in international law, political science and development.