This text is a self-contained and unified approach to Bernstein functions and their subclasses, bringing together old and establishing new connections. Applications of Bernstein functions in different fields of mathematics are given, with special attention to interpretations in probability theory. An extensive list of complete Bernstein functions with their representations is provided. A self-contained and unified approach to the topic With applications to various fields of mathematics, such as probability theory, potential theory, operator theory, integral equations, functional calculi and complex analysis With an extensive list of complete Bernstein functions. Additional material and corrections can be found on the authors' website.