This book focuses on the nature and significance of China's state enterprises which have undergone substantial changes since China's economic liberalization in 1978. It argues that much of the criticism is based on mistaken premises, where even the term 'state-owned enterprises' is a misnomer given that the emphasis is much less on ownership than on control. Using numerous case studies, this book highlights the extent to which these enterprises have evolved in response to reforms, and provides an in-depth analysis of their role in China's outward investment strategy in the "Belt and Road" initiative. This role speaks to their growing influence as China expands her global footprint.