This book analyses the factors that influence the development and implementation of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) from multiple perspectives. It investigates the development of HTA activities in decentralized countries with a specific focus on the analysis of healthcare professionals’ perceptions. Although these perceptions are highly relevant in terms of implementing HTA processes, especially at the local level, they are rarely captured, and require further investigation, which this book provides.  In particular, HTA has been introduced as a support tool for reviewing and assessing the introduction and dissemination of healthcare technologies. The book discusses how individual and organisational factors affect knowledge production and translation, and their relevance in the context of HTA. Furthermore, it explores how HTA could be more successfully implemented in decentralized healthcare systems.