This book adopts a language- and culture -as-resource approach and broadens our understanding of diversity which may be observed, heard, and felt in today's mathematics and statistics classrooms. It draws on significant approaches to improving teaching and learning in mathematics and statistics education in multilingual and multicultural settings. It also presents and discusses critical research work from a range of geographical contexts from five continents. Research from Asia-Pacific contexts as well as from a few countries which are often underrepresented in the mathematics education research field is particularly highlighted in this book. This book summarizes the state of research in mathematics and statistics education providing empirical research, and showcases different theoretical and methodological perspectives, to inform implications for policy and practice in mathematics and statistics classrooms.