This textbook is designed to facilitate a thorough learning for students of financial mathematics. It includes exercises and theoretical questions across seven chapters: Interest Theory, Financial Flows and Annuities, Profitability and Risk of Financial Operations, Portfolio Analysis, Bonds, Modigliani-Miller Theory, and Brusov-Filatova-Orekhova Theory. The last two chapters are dedicated to modern theories of capital structure, including problems and tasks. More than 130 detailed solutions are provided to help students solve the assignments in the textbook. This textbook is suitable for undergraduate and graduate students in all financial and economic fields, including finance and credit, accounting and auditing, taxes, insurance, and international economic relations. It is also useful for professionals in financial and economic specialties, including financial analysts, as well as anyone interested in mastering quantitative methods in finance and economics.