This comprehensive textbook examines the digital maturity of modern supply chains, presenting innovative frameworks for assessing and enhancing digital capabilities across procurement, production, distribution, and city logistics while offering forward-looking scenarios for supply chain evolution. Logistics and Digital Transformation: The Challenges of Modern Supply Chains leads the reader through the various applications of information and communication technology (ICT) in logistics and suggests how digital logistics systems may develop in the future. These concepts present research conducted at the scale of the entire supply chain, as well as at the scale of individual logistics subsystems (supply logistics, production logistics, distribution logistics), and in the area of city (urban) logistics, which is closely related to the development of modern distribution systems. Unique to this book is its description of the relationship between the digital development of individual subsystems and entire supply chains, to identify the determinants of this development and challenges – this approach has not yet been addressed in the literature. This book will find an appreciative audience amongst advanced students, researchers, practitioners in logistics, supply chain management, manufacturing, trading, IT companies, and policymakers interested in logistics innovation and digital maturity.