Our everyday life is unthinkable without optimization. We try to minimize our effort and to maximize the achieved profit. Many real world and industrial problems arising in engineering, economics, medicine and other domains can be formulated as optimization tasks. The volume is a comprehensive collection of extended contributions from the Computational Optimization thematic session, part of the FedCSIS 2024 conference. This book presents recent advances in computational optimization. The volume include important real problems like modelling of physical processes,  transportation problems, machine scheduling, air pollution modelling, solving engineering and financial problems, daya optimiation and analysis, modeling and optimization in the field of disaster medicine. It shows how to develop algorithms for them based on new intelligent methods like evolutionary computations, ant colony optimization, constrain programming Monte Carlo method and others, application of Generalized nets for modeling and others. This research demonstrates how some real-world problems arising in engineering, economics and other domains can be formulated as optimization and decision making problems.