PART I: INTRODUCTION The Problem is Representation! Towards an Analytical Framework; O.Törnquist PART II: DEEPENING THE PERSPECTIVE What is the Relationship Between Participation and Representation?; N.Chandohoke The Paradox of Civil Society Representation: Constructing New Forms of Democratic Legitimacy in Brazil; P.P.Houtzager & A.Gurza Lavalle Practices of Symbolic Representation; K.Stokke & E.Selboe PART III: REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNANCE? Representative Governance or the Co-Option of Citizens? The Status of Service Users in Local Politics in West Bengal; N.Webster The Politics of Gradualismo: Popular Particpation and Decentralized Governance in Mozambique; L.Buur Representation by Design? Variations on Participatory Governance in Brazilian Municipios; G.Baiocchi & P.Heller PART IV: CHALLENGES OF POPULAR REPRESENTATION Patronage Democracy in Provincial Indonesia; G.V.Klinken Compromised Democracy: Observations on Popular Democratic Representation from Urban India; J.Harriss Trade Unions and Popular Representation: Alliances and Institution Building African Experiences; B.Beckman Popular Politics of Representation: Dilemmas and Experiments in Indonesia, the Indian State of Kerala, and the Philippines; O.Törnquist , N.Quimpo & M.Tharakan PART V: CONCLUSIONS Implications for Policy and Practice; N.Webster , O.Törnquist & K.Stokke