The book provides a detailed overview of major advancements in biotechnological approaches and their application in the remediation of toxic and hazardous contaminants from the environment. It addresses the potential of cutting-edge technologies including smart sensors, smart bins, artificial intelligence, machine learning, robotics, Remote sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS), etc in effective waste and wastewater monitoring and management. It also discusses the role of membrane bioreactors, biofilms, microalgae, microbial engineering, nano-biotechnology, and other bio-techniques in the degradation and detoxification of emerging contaminants like pharmaceutical compounds, heavy metals, harmful pathogens, agrochemicals, antibiotic-resistance genes, nuclear wastes, endocrine-disrupting chemicals and other pollutants that are discharged into wastewaters from domestic, commercial, and industrial sources. In addition, the book evaluates the potential of novel and eco-friendly strategies to effectively dispose of, treat, and manage hazardous municipal, agricultural, and industrial wastes to ensure environmental sustainability and public health protection. This book is a reference for all environmental researchers, scientists, academic faculty, and policymakers who aspire to work in waste and wastewater-related problems and management.