This book examines the establishment, operation, and legacy of Poland’s special post-war court created to prosecute leading German war criminals. Between 1946 and 1948, it conducted seven seminal landmark trials involving 49 defendants, including notorious figures such as Arthur Greiser, Amon Goeth, Rudolf Hoess, and members of the Auschwitz staff. The Tribunal aimed to foreground the Polish experience within the international discourse on post-war justice, offering a judicial account of the suffering endured under Nazi occupation. Simultaneously, it illuminated the singularity of the Jewish tragedy, with some proceedings arguably constituting the earliest Holocaust trials. This monograph situates the Tribunal within the broader context of international criminal justice, with the Nuremberg Trial as its central reference point. Interwoven at multiple levels, these proceedings reflect a complex tapestry of legal responses to mass atrocity. Despite operating under the growing pressures of Stalinisation, the Tribunal retained a notable degree of independence and upheld elements of fair trial standards – rooted in the legal traditions of interwar Poland. Its jurisprudence may be considered an early contribution to the evolution of international criminal law, offering a distinct national perspective on international crimes within the wider legal and historical framework. The book will be an invaluable resource for academics and researchers working in the areas of Legal History, International and Criminal Law, History, Genocide Studies and Holocaust Research, International Relations, Criminology and Criminal Justice, War Crimes Trials, and Slavic and Eastern European Studies.