This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Verification and Evaluation of Computer and Communication Systems, VECoS 2023, held in Marrakech, Morocco, during October 18–20, 2023. The 12 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 36 submissions. The topics presented covered a range of subjects, including approaches to improving the scalability and efficiency of formal verification and their applications to blockchain, smart contracts and neural networks.