This new two-volume set presents the classical and advanced aspects of chromosomal and genomic structures and functions with special reference to chromosomes and cell division, providing a comprehensive resource for beginners, experts, and those venturing into the fascinating science of chromosomes and cell division. Chromosomal and Genomic Structures and Functions: Volume 1: Chromosomes and Cell Divisions, discusses biotechnology and its applications, the chromosomal theory of inheritance, the chromosome itself, the types of cell division (mitosis and meiosis), structural changes in chromosomes, genes and cell division, sex determination, chromosome and mutations, and chromosomal movements during cell division. These chapters present in-depth studies of the relationships and functional mechanisms of chromosomes, genes, and biological mechanisms to the benefit of organisms at large and humans in particular. Understanding these biological concepts of chromosomal and genomic structures and functions has made a profound effect on society, leading to better health through improved inheritance patterns, accurate disease diagnosis, a better understanding of human gene variations, improved drug and pharmaceutical production, more sensitive and specific crime scene forensics, and increased production of different varieties of improved agronomic traits for better crop production. Chromosomal and Genomic Structures and Functions: Volume 2: Genetic Material Structure and Functions explores the future of genetic engineering and discusses epigenetics, the role of the nucleus, inheritance and its biological mechanisms, cytoplasmic inheritance, DNA as a genetic material, nuclear membranes, gene expression in prokaryotes, gene expression in eukaryotes, and genetics and evolution. Providing up-to-date information and recent developments in genetics research, these two volumes will be a valuable resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as for faculty and researchers in cell biology, genetics, molecular genetics, evolution, biochemistry, biotechnology, botany, zoology, agriculture, and horticultural science.