This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st International TRIZ Future Conference on Automated Invention for Smart Industries, TFC 2021, held virtually in September 2021 and sponsored by IFIP WG 5.4. The 28 full papers and 8 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 48 submissions. They are organized in the following thematic sections: inventiveness and TRIZ for sustainable development; TRIZ, intellectual property and smart technologies; TRIZ: expansion in breadth and depth; TRIZ, data processing and artificial intelligence; and TRIZ use and divulgation for engineering design and beyond. Chapter ‘Domain Analysis with TRIZ to Define an Effective “Design for Excellence’ is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.